SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
Commissioner, Trade Tax. U.P.
Vs.
S/S National Cereal Product
C.A.No.6221 of 1999
(Ruma Pal and Arijit Pasayat JJ.)
07.03.2005
Ruma Pal, J.
1. Leave granted in special leave petitions.
2. The dispute in this case is whether germinated barley or malt is a cereal
for the purposes of three notifications. Malted barley is barley which is
soaked in water and upon germination, dried. The first notification is issued
under Section 3D of the U.P. Sales Tax Act, 1948 read with Section 21 of the
U.P. General Clauses Act, 1904 and is dated 30th May, 1975. It provided that
with effect from 18th June, 1975 the turnover of first purchases of inter alia
foodgrains including cereals and pulses but excluding Sawan, Kodon, Mandua,
Kakun, Manjhri (or Ankri), Kutu, Ramkana and Paddy would be liable to tax under
clause (b) of sub-section (1) of Section 3D at the rates mentioned against it.
3. The second Notification is dated 11th September, 1976. This notification was
issued under sub-section (2A) of Section 3A of the UP Sales Tax Act, 1948.
It provided that with effect from 11th September, 1976 the turnover in respect
of foodgrains (including cereals and pulses) other than cereals and pulses as
defined in Section 14 in the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 shall be
liable to tax at the reduced rate of 4% at the point of sale to the consumer.
4. The third notification is dated 30th of April, 1977 issued under Section 3D
(1) of the U.P. Sales Tax Act, 1948. It provided that with effect from 1st May,
1977, the turnover of first purchases of inter alia foodgrains including
cereals and pulses other than cereals and pulses as defined in Section 14 of
the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 would be liable to tax at 4%.
5. Earlier the respondent assessee had claimed that the malted barley sold by
it was covered by the word "cereal" in Section 14 of theCentral Sales
Tax Act 1956. The High Court had rejected this claim by its judgment dated 16th
September, 1993 and held that malted barley was not a cereal within the meaning
of Section 14 of the 1956 Act.
6. The respondent-assessee then moved five rectification applications before
the High Court alleging that the alternative cases that had been argued by the
respondent had not been noted or dealt with by the High Court in the order
dated 16th September, 1993. The alternative case of the respondent-assessee was
that even if the malted barley was not a cereal within the meaning of Section
14 of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 nevertheless it continued to be
a foodgrain or cereal for the purposes of the three notifications. In the
further alternative it was urged by the respondent-assessee that in any case it
was the duty of the Taxing Authority to tax the assessee under the proper entry
if the contention of the assessee had been negatived by the authorities. The
five rectification applications were disposed of by judgment and order dated
21st September, 1994.
7. The High Court held that the determination of the alternative cases might
require evidence and therefore it was appropriate to send the case back to the
Sales Tax Tribunal. Accordingly, it was ordered that the Sales Tax Tribunal
shall decide the question whether the malt prepared from barley is foodgrain
including cereal within the meaning of the three notifications. It was however,
made clear that the Tribunal would take the finding of the Court that malt and
barley were two different commodities and that malt did not fall within the
definition of word 'cereal' for the purposes of Section 14 of the Central Sales
Tax Act, as final.
8. On remand, the Tribunal re-examined the meaning of the definition
"malt" and "cereal" in several dictionaries and
encyclopedias and came to the conclusion that the word 'malt' was covered by
the word "cereal" in the three notifications.
9. The High Court dismissed the revision application of the Department by
independently considering the definitions given in various dictionaries and
other authoritative works and came to the conclusion that malt is merely
another form of barley and was a foodgrain within the meaning of the three
notifications.
10. Impugning the decision of the High Court learned counsel for the Department
submitted that the Tribunal and the High Court had erred in holding that the
malt was either a cereal or a foodgrain when the order of remand, which had not
been challenged by the respondent-assessee, had already held that the malt was
not a cereal.
11. The submission is mis-conceived. By the order dated 21st September 1994,
the High Court had merely held that the barley malt was not a cereal for the
purposes of Section 14 of the Central Sales Tax Act. It was clearly envisaged
by the order of remand that despite such finding, barley malt could still be a
cereal or a foodgrain for the purposes of the three notifications.
12. Counsel for the appellant then referred to various other dictionaries to
contend that malt is neither cereal nor a foodgrain. The grain, according to
the appellant, is a seed which is yet to be germinated. We have considered the
various dictionary meanings referred to by the appellant. In none of them has
the word 'grain' been limited to an un-germinated seed. On the contrary, malt
has been described as a foodgrain.
13. The notifications by which the rate of tax has been fixed in respect of
foodgrains makes it clear that the definition of foodgrains in the
notifications is wider than that in Section 14 of the Central Sales Tax
Act, 1956. It must be remembered that the notifications are not exception
notifications but contain charging provisions. As such the onus to prove that
the malted barley does not fall within foodgrains or cereals was on the
Revenue. They have failed to discharge the onus.
14. Both the Tribunal and the High Court have concurrently found that
malted barley is a foodgrain or cereal for the purposes of the three
notifications for reasons that cannot be discarded as perverse. We
therefore see no reason to interfere with their conclusion.
15. Additionally we find that the question of law formulated in the Special
Leave Petition was wholly incorrect. The question of law as framed was whether
the Tribunal was justified in holding that barley malt falls under the category
of cereals and pulses contained in Section 14 of the Central Sales Tax Act.
That was not the subject matter of remand nor decided by the Tribunal nor
affirmed by the High Court.
16. The appeals are accordingly dismissed without any order as to costs.