SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

 

Babulal Khandelwal

 

Vs.

 

Balkrishan D. Sanghvi

 

C.A.No.6124 of 2008

 

(Altamas Kabir and Markandey Katju JJ.)

 

16.10.2008

 

JUDGMENT

 

Altamas Kabir, J.

 

1.   Leave granted.

 

2. On 14th February, 2005, the    Respondent No.1, Balkishan D. Sanghvi, filed suit No. 457 of 2005 in   the Bombay High Court for administration of the Estate of his deceased parents Dwarkadas Sanghvi and Vimlaben Sanghvi, who were also the parents of the Respondents No.1, 2, 3 and 6. While the Respondents Nos. 1, 2 and 6 are the sons of the deceased, the Respondent No.3 is their daughter and    the Respondents Nos. 4 and 5 are her husband and son respectively.

 

3.   During the pendency of the suit, the Respondent No.1/Plaintiff filed Chamber Summons No.1270 of 2005 for impleading the Appellants herein as parties   to    the suit and to challenge the alienation of two properties, one to Prolific Consultancy Services (Mumbai) Pvt. Ltd. and the other to the Appellants herein. By judgment and order dated 13th February, 2006, the learned Single Judge of the Bombay High Court allowed the Chamber Summons and permitted the plaint to be amended as a result whereof the appellants herein stood impleaded as defendants Nos.7 to 12 in the suit on the ground that they were   necessary parties to the suit, despite their objection that the Respondent No.8 is a company in which the Appellants were only share-holders and that they were in no way related to any of the parties to the suit.

 

4. The   amendment of the plaint, also had the effect of allowing the Respondent No.1 to challenge the transactions concluded by Dwarkadas Sanghvi and Vimlaben Sanghvi and the Appellants herein, before their death.

 

5. Questioning the legality of the order, Ms. Meenakshi  Arora,  learned advocate, submitted that in a suit for administration of the Estate of a deceased, transactions concluded by the deceased during his lifetime cannot be called into question.  Consequently, those with whom such transactions had been entered into were not necessary parties in such suit. Ms. Arora submitted that the High Court had committed a fundamental error in holding that transactions entered   into    and       concluded by the deceased during their lifetime could be questioned after their death in administration proceedings of their Estate, and thereby erroneously impleaded the appellants as parties to the administration suit.

 

6.   In   support of her submissions, Ms. Arora firstly referred to the decision of this Court in Sunil Gupta vs. Kiran Girhotra1, where an almost identical question, as has been raised in this matter, had arisen in   respect  of a probate proceeding. The question posed in the said matter was whether a purchaser      of a property belonging to the deceased    testator should be impleaded as a party in a probate proceeding. While answering the said question, this Court held that since a probate can be granted only to an Executor appointed by a Will, a transferee of a property during the pendency of such a proceeding is not a necessary party.

 

7.  As an offshoot of her main argument, Ms. Arora submitted    that, in any event, in a probate proceeding the Court does not decide any question of title in respect of the Estate of the   deceased and any    order passed in    the proceedings acts as an order in rem. Ms. Arora submitted that even on such score, the appellants were not necessary parties to the administration suit and their impleadment in the   suit by the     High Court was     wholly erroneous. In support of her said argument, Ms. Arora referred to and relied    upon the judgment of     this Court in the case    of Chiranjilal Shrilal Goenka vs. Jasjit Singh & Ors.2, wherein Ms. Arora's submissions are fully reflected with approval.  Reference was also made to the decision of this Court in (1) Ghulam Qadir vs. Special Tribunal and   Ors.3, and (2) Krishna Kumar Birla vs. Rajendra Singh Lodha and Ors.4, where the same views have been expressed.

 

8.   Ms.Arora's submissions were opposed by Mr. Hariharan and Mr. Subramonium Prasad, learned advocates, who appeared for the respondent No.1. It was submitted that when the Estate of a deceased is involved, the Court in seisin of the proceedings relating to the administration of the said Estate was entitled to scrutinize transactions which had taken place in respect of any property forming part of such Estate.

 

“It was submitted that, in fact, such a course of  action was also pragmatic  as it would eliminate the prospect of multiplicity of proceedings.”

 

9. Mr.Subramonium Prasad submitted that the High Court had quite correctly  allowed the impleadment of the appellants in the suit filed by  the   respondent No.1 where all questions relating to and   involving  the Estate of Dwarkadas Sanghvi and Vimlaben  Sanghvi would be resolved with finality.

 

10. Having considered the rival submissions of the parties, we are unable to accept Ms. Arora's objections to the impleadment of the appellants as necessary parties in the administration suit filed by the respondent No. 1, particularly when     both Dwarkadas   Sanghvi  and  Vimlaben Sanghvi had died intestate.

 

11. It is well settled that in an administration suit, the Court, while considering the grant of authority to an individual having an interest in the Estate of the deceased to administer the Estate, has also to determine the extent of the estate of the deceased at the time of his death to facilitate the distribution of the estate to all the heirs of the deceased. It is equally well settled that during such enquiry the Court is not called upon to determine the right and title of the parties in the properties of the Estate, but to ascertain the extent of the properties of the Estate. The  decision  inChiranjilal Shrilal Goenka's  case (supra),applies to probate proceedings where   it  has been held  that   the  probate Court  does not decide any  question of  title or  even  the existence of the property  itself.  In administration suits in respect of a person who dies intestate, the position is different. The Court while appointing an Administrator in an administration suit to administer the Estate of the   decease, who dies    intestate, may    be required to examine transactions involving the properties of the Estate in order to determine the assets of the Estate as on the date of death of the owner thereof. Consequently, the impleadment of persons who may be involved in some transaction or the other concerning the Estate of the deceased, may become necessary for a decision in an administration suit. The High Court has noted this fact while allowing the prayer of     the respondent No.1 for impleading the  appellants as  parties to the administration suit.

 

12. The   decisions cited by   Ms.    Arora    are   in relation to Probate proceedings where either probate     is    to be      granted     or   Letters    of Administration are to be given to an applicant having    an   interest in    the     Estate      of   the deceased. The circumstances in an administration suit where a     person      dies intestate are, however, different. The learned Single Judge of the High Court has correctly indicated that in an administration suit, the dispute    between        the     parties relating to    the title     of   the    deceased in     respect      of    his properties, can be gone into    in     an administration suit and that there is no bar to a     Court     determining the validity       of transactions allegedly entered into by or on behalf of the deceased, whose Estate is to be administered. In Appendix "D" to the Code of Civil Procedure which deals with the forms of decrees in different suits, Form 17 indicates the     form   in     which preliminary decrees     in Administration Suits are     to     be    passed. Paragraph 3 of the Form deals with suits filed by the next of kin of the deceased who dies intestate, as in the instant case, and provides for an inquiry to be made and account taken of what or of what share, if any, the plaintiff is entitled     to    as    next-of-kin     in     the   moveable properties of    the   Estate.    However,     if    the moveable properties of the deceased are found to be insufficient for carrying out the objects of the suit, then by virtue of paragraph 10 of the Form the Court may order an inquiry as to what immovable property the deceased was seized of or entitled to at the time of his death and what encumbrances, if any, affect the immovable property of the deceased or any part thereof. The   said    inquiry,        in   our   view    might     also include the transactions with the appellants herein which had purportedly been concluded by the owners of the properties themselves during their life time, in order to ascertain whether the said properties continued to form part of the Estate of the deceased at the time of their death.

 

13. We,    therefore,  have little hesitation  in holding that the High Court had not committed any error in allowing the amendments to the plaint which had the effect of impleading the appellants as parties to    the administration suit    filed by    the     respondent No.1 and permitting the respondent No.1 to question the transactions entered into by the owners of the Estate with third parties. The order of the High Court does not warrant any interference and the appeal must, therefore, be dismissed.

 

14. We, accordingly, dismiss the appeal and affirm the judgment and order    of    the     High     Court allowing      the     amendments to    the     plaint      for impleading the appellants as parties to   the administration suit    filed by the respondent No.1    and    for       scrutinizing the     transactions which were alleged to have been concluded by the parents of the respondent Nos.1 to 4 during their lifetime.

 

15. There will, however, be no order as to costs.

 

1[2007 (8) SCC 506]

2[1993 (2) SCC 507]

3[2002 (1) SCC 33]

4[2008 (4) SCC 300]