IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 1630-31 OF 2010
Smt. Shakuntala Bai & Ors. ….Appellants
Versus
Mr. Mahaveer Prasad ….Respondent
JUDGMENT
AMITAVA ROY, J.
1. The present appeals, mount an assailment against the judgment and
order dated 25.9.2003 rendered by a Single Bench of the High Court of
Judicature for Rajasthan, allowing SB Civil Misc. Appeal No. 414/1997,
preferred before it, by the Respondent No. 1, Mahaveer Prasad against
the verdict of the learned District Judge, Udaipur dated 24.5.1997, in
Original Civil Case No. 32/1992, instituted by him under Section 372
of the Indian Succession Act 1925 for issuance of succession
certificate in his favour, as well as the judgment and order dated
23.08.2007 passed in Division Bench Civil Special Appeal No.187/2003
rendered by a Division Bench of the High Court sustaining the decision
dated 25.09.2003 above referred to. Aggrieved on both the counts, the
non-applicants in the succession certificate proceedings are in
appeal. We have heard the learned counsel for the parties.
2. The facts in bare minimum as offered by the rival pleadings, are that
the predecessor-in-interest of the Respondent No.1, Velchand had two
sons, Amba Lal and Kanhaiya Lal. Respondent No. 1, Mahaveer Prasad was
the son of Amba Lal who died in 1956. The other siblings of Respondent
No. 1 were Shanti Lal, Chhabi Lal and Shakuntala Bai, the Appellant
No. 1 herein. Chhabi Lal died leaving behind Shakuntala Jain, the
Appellant No. 2, his widow and daughter Vishakha Jain, Appellant No.
3. The Respondent No. 1 was taken in adoption by Kanhaiya Lal, who had
no son, in the year 1962, and a registered deed of adoption was
executed on 30.10.1962. Kanhaiya Lal died on 06.01.1992 leaving
besides his adopted son, Respondent No. 1, Mahaveer Prasad, his wife
Sohanbai and his daughter Kantabai. Sohanbai died on 01.03.2001 and
Kantabai on 25.11.2007 leaving behind two daughters, named Vijay
Lakshmi and Kanchan Devi, Appellant No. 4 and 5 respectively. In due
course, the name of Kantabai who had died during the pendency of the
instant appeals, was deleted from the array of the parties.
3. The respondent No. 1, Mahaveer Prasad, filed an application before the
learned Trial Court under Section 372 of the Indian Succession Act
1925 (for short hereinafter referred to as ‘the Act’) for issuance of
succession certificate, to enable him to collect the rent from the
tenants of the ground floor and basement thereunder of the property of
Kanhaiya Lal (who was by then dead) situated at Plot No. 2, Bapu
Bazar, Udaipur and the deposits in the bank account of the deceased.
This was preceded by a Will dated 15.11.1978, which the Respondent No.
1 claimed to have been executed by Kanhaiya Lal, bequeathing property
mentioned therein to him. As the records would reveal, this Will was
in supersession of earlier Wills dated 01.11.1962 and 23.12.1974. The
Respondent No. 1 founded his application for succession of certificate
on the Will dated 15.11.1978, which according to him was the last in
the line, validly executed by the testator Kanhaiya Lal. While non-
applicant No. 1 and 2, Sohanbai (wife of Kanhaiya Lal) and Kantabai
(daughter of Kanhaiya Lal) in their written-statement supported the
application of the Respondent No.1 and pleaded that the succession
certificate may be issued him as prayed for, the non-applicant No. 3
and 4 Chhabi Lal and Shakuntla alleged that the Will dated 15.11.1978
was a fictitious one and asserted that the one dated 23.12.1974, was
the last valid Will of Kanhaiya Lal. Non-applicant No. 5 and 6 Vijay
Lakshmi and Kanchan Devi, both daughters of Kantabai, did also avowed
that the Will dated 15.11.1978 was a fake document and the one dated
23.12.1974 was the last valid Will for the testator above named.
4. On the basis of the pleadings of the parties, the learned Trial Court
framed the following issues:
“1. If deceased Shri Kanhaiya Lal had adopted applicant Shri
Mahaveer Prasad in a legal manner and on 15.11.1978, he had
voluntarily executed a legal WILL in favour of the applicant?
2. If on 23.12.1974, deceased Shri Kanhaiya Lal had executed his
Will and deposited with the Registrar, Udaipur and this Will is last
and legal Will of late Shri Kanhaiya Lal ?
3. If applicant Shri Mahaveer Prasad or out of objectors, who are
entitled to get succession certificate? “
4.1 Admittedly by order dated 09.02.2006, the learned Trial Court deleted
the issue No. 2 quoted hereinabove, thus leaving the issues No. 1 and 3,
originally framed, to be decided in the proceedings before it.
5. Both sides adduced evidence, both oral and documentary. Amongst
others, the Will dated 15.11.1978 was proved as Exh. 2 and the Respondent
No. 1 examined himself in respect of the said document and also Mohan Lal
AW 3 and Mangi Lal AW 4, more particularly, to prove the attestation of the
said document. He also examined Mr. P S Mamik, a handwriting expert. The
contesting non-applicants also inter-alia examined one Shri Achyut, DW 1, a
handwriting expert, apart from other witnesses.
6. The learned Trial Court, on a consideration of the pleadings of the
parties and the evidence on record, held that the Will dated 15.11.1978 was
not a valid one and had been deceitfully obtained by converting two blank
papers, on which the signatures of the testator Kanhaiya Lal had been
procured by fraud. It instead returned a finding that the Will dated
23.12.1974 was last the valid instrument of bequest, though as adverted to
hereinabove the issue No. 2, pertaining thereto, had been deleted.
6.1 The learned Trial Court in concluding as above, though did notice the
testimony of AW 3 Mohan Lal, that he had signed the Will dated 15.11.1978
and that his signatures had been obtained in such capacity by the testator
himself and further, that he (testator) had also signed on every page of
the document in his presence, disbelieved this witness, amongst others on
the ground, that he had been at the relevant point of time, working as a
salesman in the shop of the testator and that he had failed to correctly
recollect many facts pertaining to the strained relationship between the
legatee, the Respondent No. 1, Mahaveer Prasad and the testator. The
learned Trial Court rejected as well the testimony of AW 4 Mangi Lal, to
the effect that his uncle Kanhaiya Lal Kunawat was the other attesting
witness, who had signed the disputed Will, Exh. 2, in proof of attestation
of the execution thereof by the testator.
7. According to the learned Trial Court, this witness was not reliable,
as the son of Kanhaiya Lal Kunawat though alive, was not produced as a
witness and he (Mangi Lal) too was the employee of testator. The
identification of the signatures of the testator Kanhaiya Lal Kunawat on
the Will, Exh. 2, by Mangi Lal was also discarded, on the ground that he
had faltered to correctly recall the year of execution of the document. The
learned Trial Court was of the view, that as at the relevant time of the
family members were living together with the Kanhaiya Lal, and shared a
cordial relationship, there was no justification for the disputed Will
dated 15.11.1978, by superseding the earlier bequest made vide the Will
dated 23.12.1974.
8. Shri P. S. Mamik, the handwriting expert, examined by the Respondent
No.1 on an examination of the Will, Exh. 2 and the disputed signatures
thereon, had opined that those were in fact of the deceased Kanhaiya Lal.
This witness also proved his report to this effect, Exh. 3. The learned
Trial Court instead relied on the opinion of Shri Achyut, NAW 1, the
handwriting expert examined by the contesting non applicants though this
witness too had opined that the signatures appearing on the disputed Will,
Exh. 2 were of the testator Kanhaiya Lal, but had expressed his view that
having regard to the contents of the document and the spacing of the lines,
it appeared to have been prepared later.
9. Being aggrieved by this determination, the Respondent No. 1 preferred
appeal before the High Court and as referred to hereinabove, SB Civil Misc.
Appeal No. 414/1997 preferred by the Respondent No. 1 was allowed and DB
Civil Special Appeal No. 87/2003 instituted by the appellants was
dismissed. The High Court reversed the decision of the Trial Court and
allowed the appeal filed by the Respondent No. 1 herein and directed
issuance of the succession certificate in his favour.
10. On an elaborate assessment of the pleadings and the evidence adduced,
the High Court at the threshold, noticed the error apparent on the face of
the records committed by the learned Trial Court in examining the rival
contentions in the context of the Will dated 23.12.1974, which was the
subject matter of issue No. 2 that stood deleted. It recorded as well,
that on the consensus of the parties, the disputed Will, Exh. 2 had been
referred to the Forensic Science Laboratory and that the report furnished
did prove that the signatures appearing thereon were of the testator. It
discarded the testimony of NAW 1 Shri Achyut Narayan that though the two
sheets of paper comprising the Will, Exh. 2 did contain the signatures of
the testator, those had been obtained on blank papers and were later on
converted into the instrument of dispensation. The High Court held amongst
others that the evidence of Mahaveer Prasad and his witnesses Mohan Lal (AW
3) and Mangi Lal (AW 4) proved the execution and attestation of the will
Exh. 2. The High Court did also take notice of the fact that the
Respondent No. 1, had been taken in adoption by the testator, a fact not
disputed and that in absence of any Will, he (Respondent No.1) would have
even otherwise, succeeded to the property of Kanhaiya Lal in that capacity.
It viewed the disputed Will to be an instrument, whereby the status
of the Respondent No. 1 as the son of the family had been restored after
initial misgivings. It also dismissed the grounds on which the testimony
of attesting witnesses Mohan Lal and that of Mangi Lal qua attestation by
his uncle Kanhaiya Lal Kunawat had been rejected by the learned Trial
Court. The fact that the non-applicants, who claimed to be the
beneficiaries of the Will dated 23.12.1974 had not at any point of time
sought for a probate thereof was noticed as well. That the application for
succession certificate made by the Respondent No. 1, was supported by the
wife and the daughter of the testator, also weighed with the High Court in
his (Respondent No. 1) favour.
11. The learned counsel for the appellants has strenuously argued that
neither the execution of the Will, Exh. 2, nor the attestation thereof has
been proved and thus the High Court was clearly in error in reversing the
determination made by the learned Trial Court. According to her, the last
valid Will of the testator Kanhaiya Lal was dated 23.12.1974, a registered
document. She urged that the disputed Will being an instrument, whereby
patently unfair and illogical dispensations have been made, is also
otherwise rejectable, being surrounded by several suspicious circumstances,
which the propounder had failed to dispel. In her endeavour to buttress
the above contentions, the learned counsel for the appellants, had drawn
our attention to the contents of the Wills dated 23.12.1974 and 15.11.1978.
12. As against this, the learned counsel for the Respondent No. 1 urged
that the Will, Exh. 2 had been duly executed by the testator Kanhaiya Lal,
as required in law and in the face of the evidence on record, more
particularly, of Mohan Lal (AW 3) and Mangi Lal (AW 4), the attestation
thereof also stands established. Apart from the fact that Respondent No.
1, had been adopted by the testator and that he was thus the only son of
the family for all intents and purposes, the contents of the Will dated
15.11.1978, did clearly explain the bequest in his favour, he maintained.
The learned counsel asserted that the fact that the wife and daughter of
Kanhaiya Lal did support the application of the Respondent No. 1 for the
succession certificate authenticated as well, the validity of the disputed
Will, Exh. 2. He pointed out that the succession certificate was for the
limited purpose of collecting the rent paid by the tenants in respect of
the premises, mentioned therein and lying in deposit with the bank and thus
in any view of the matter, the instant appeal lacks in merit and is liable
to be dismissed.
13. We have traversed the pleadings, the evidence on record to the extent
necessary and have also carefully analysed the competing arguments
advanced. Undisputedly, the Respondent No. 1 had been adopted by Kanhaiya
Lal in the year 1962 and had become a part of the family thereby. As the
Will dated 15.11.1978, Exh. 2 would reveal, it was preceded by two Wills
dated 01.11.1962 and 23.12.1974 which witnessed different patterns of
disposition of the properties mentioned therein. The Will dated
15.11.1978, as the recital thereof, would reveal superseded the earlier
Wills dated 01.11.1962 and 23.12.1974. The contents of this Will, Exh. 2
discloses that the testator being earlier annoyed with Respondent No. 1 and
as advised by others, had sought to disinherit him and with that state of
mind had executed the Will dated 23.12.1974. However, following deeper
reflections and self introspections generally as well as review in the
spiritual perspectives, he decided to cancel the Will dated 23.12.1974 and
instead execute the one dated 15.11.1978. Thereby, the property referred
to therein was bequeathed to Respondent No. 1, who was also entrusted with
the responsibility of looking after his (testator) wife Sohanbai and
daughter Kantabai during their lifetime. The wife and daughter of the
testator, as named above were also given full rights to live in the house
named ‘Jain Rishabh Bhawan’ which stood otherwise bequeathed by the
instrument, in favour of Respondent No. 1 Mahaveer Prasad. The Will
mentioned as well, that the testator had written and verified the document
in presence of and under the signatures of two witnesses, namely, Mohan Lal
Jain and Kanhaiya Lal after considerable thought and voluntarily without
any pressure. These documents, also contained the signatures of Shri Mohan
Lal Jain and Shri Kanhaiya Lal, as witnesses who had endorsed the
signatures of the testator thereon as certified by them.
14. On a perusal of the evidence of AW 3, Mohan Lal and AW 4, Mangi Lal,
it is apparent that these two witnesses have been able to satisfactorily
prove the execution of the Will dated 15.11.1978 and the attestation
thereof by two witnesses, as required in law. As adverted to herein above,
the signature of the testator Kanhaiya Lal, on these documents has been
endorsed by both the handwriting experts. The report of the Forensic
Science Laboratory also corroborates this finding. The view expressed by
Shri Achyut Narayan, NAW 1 that though the signatures are genuine, those
had been obtained on blank papers, which later on were converted into the
Will, in the face of the overwhelming testimony of AW 3, Mohan Lal and AW
4, Mangi Lal, had been rightly rejected by the High Court. The recitals of
the Will, Exh. 2, also provide sufficient justification for the bequest in
favour of Respondent No. 1, Mahaveer Prasad. The fact that wife and
daughter of the testator had, at all relevant time, supported the
Respondent No. 1 in his initiatives to obtain the succession certificate is
also a formidable factor in his favour as well as in endorsement of the
genuineness of the Will, 15.11.1978. Noticeably though, the Will dated
23.12.1974 had been registered, no steps had been taken by the non-
applicants to obtain the probate thereof. It is not unlikely, that the
testator, out of, some disappointment and reservations qua the adopted son,
Respondent No. 1 had in the rush of moment and as advised by the persons
interested, as recited in the Will dated 15.11.1978, did momentarily decide
to disinherit the only son of the family. However, on an equanimous re-
consideration and following indepth and dispassionate cogitation, he
eventually decided again to bequeath all his properties to him. The
approval of the mother and the sister to this bequest is a strong indicator
to this effect. We are thus of the view, that in the above factual
background, the dispensation made by the testator in favour of the
Respondent No. 1 cannot be repudiated to be in defiance of logic or unfair
vis-à-vis the other members of the family. We do not find as well, any
vitiating or suspicious circumstance invalidating the bequest.
15. The upshot of the above narration is that, the conclusions recorded
by the High Court are plausible being based on the materials on record and
thus do not warrant any interference in the appeals. On an overall
consideration of the pleadings and the evidence adduced, the findings of
the learned Trial Court have been rightly reversed. These appeals thus
fail and are dismissed.
16. No cost.
..……………………J.
(R. K. Agrawal)
……………………..J.
(Amitava Roy)
New Delhi
Dated: 02 July, 2015