IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 860 OF 2015
(ARISING OUT OF SLP(CRL.) NO.1059/2014)
STATE OF M.P Appellant
VERSUS
MANISH & ORS Respondent(s)
O R D E R
Leave granted.
Heard learned counsel for the appellant and the respondents.
The appellant/State of Madhya Pradesh seeks to challenge the order of
the High Court of Madhya Pradesh dated 25.6.2013 passed in Misc. Criminal
Case No.4013/2013, in and by which the High Court in exercise of its powers
under Section 482 Cr.P.C. by taking into account the stand of the de facto
complainant, who was present before the Court, that she did not wish to
prosecute the respondents herein as the disputes have been amicably settled
between them, curiously proceeded to quash the FIR in Crime No.512/2012
registered at Police Station Thatipur, District Gwalior for offences under
Sections 307, 294 and 34 IPC as well as the subsequent criminal proceedings
being Criminal Case No.2602/2013 for the same offences pending before the
Court. The High Court, however, made it clear that the proceedings pending
against the private respondents herein in relation to the offences under
Sections 25 and 27 of Arms Act were not quashed by the Court.
Therefore, the moot question that arises for consideration is whether
based on out of Court settlement alleged to have been reached between the
private parties, the offences of this nature falling under Sections 307,
294 and 34 IPC which are not covered by Section 320 Cr.P.C. can be taken
note of and such orders of quashing of the proceedings can be passed in
exercise of powers under Section 482 Cr.P.C.
The question is no longer res integra, inasmuch as the Three-Judge
Bench of this Court in Gian Singh v. State of Punjab and another, reported
in (2012) 10 SCC 303 which has been subsequently followed in a number of
other decisions including the recent decision in State of M.P. v. Deepak
and Others, reported in (2014) 10 SCC 285, clearly sets out as to in what
circumstances and in what type of cases such exercise of inherent powers
under Section 482 Cr.P.C. can be invoked de hors Section 320 Cr.P.C. for
recognizing such out of Court settlement for the purpose of quashing of
criminal proceedings.
The Three-Judge Bench decision in Gian Singh (supra) is an
illuminating judgment on this issue. In paragraph 61 ultimately the
position has been set out in clear terms as under:-
“61. The position that emerges from the above discussion can be summarised
thus: the power of the High Court in quashing a criminal proceeding or FIR
or complaint in exercise of its inherent jurisdiction is distinct and
different from the power given to a criminal court for compounding the
offences under Section 320 of the Code. Inherent power is of wide plenitude
with no statutory limitation but it has to be exercised in accord with the
guideline engrafted in such power viz; (i) to secure the ends of justice
or, (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any Court. In what cases power
to quash the criminal proceeding or complaint or F.I.R may be exercised
where the offender and the victim have settled their dispute would depend
on the facts and circumstances of each case and no category can be
prescribed. However, before exercise of such power, the High Court must
have due regard to the nature and gravity of the crime. Heinous and serious
offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc.
cannot be fittingly quashed even though the victim or victim’s family and
the offender have settled the dispute. Such offences are not private in
nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, any compromise
between the victim and the offender in relation to the offences under
special statutes like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences
committed by public servants while working in that capacity, etc; cannot
provide for any basis for quashing criminal proceedings involving such
offences. But the criminal cases having overwhelmingly and pre-dominatingly
civil flavour stand on a different footing for the purposes of quashing,
particularly the offences arising from commercial, financial, mercantile,
civil, partnership or such like transactions or the offences arising out of
matrimony relating to dowry, etc. or the family disputes where the wrong is
basically private or personal in nature and the parties have resolved their
entire dispute. In this category of cases, the High Court may quash the
criminal proceedings if in its view, because of the compromise between the
offender and the victim, the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak
and continuation of the criminal case would put accused to great oppression
and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing
the criminal case despite full and complete settlement and compromise with
the victim. In other words, the High Court must consider whether it would
be unfair or contrary to the interest of justice to continue with the
criminal proceeding or continuation of the criminal proceeding would
tantamount to abuse of process of law despite settlement and compromise
between the victim and the wrongdoer and whether to secure the ends of
justice, it is appropriate that the criminal case is put to an end and if
the answer to the above question(s) is in the affirmative, the High Court
shall be well within its jurisdiction to quash the criminal proceeding.”
(emphasis added)
When we apply the principles set down therein, it can be stated that
when it comes to the question of compounding an offence under Sections 307,
294 and 34 IPC along with Sections 25 and 27 of the Arms Act, by no stretch
of imagination, it can be held to be an offence as between the private
parties simpliciter. Inasmuch as such offences will have a serious impact
on the society at large, it runs beyond our comprehension to state that
after the commission of such offence the parties involved have reached a
settlement and, therefore, such settlement can be given a seal of approval
by the Judicial Forum.
In the circumstances, the High Court unfortunately having failed to
appreciate the said legal position, the impugned order cannot be sustained.
We are, therefore, convinced that in a situation where the private
respondents herein are facing trial for offences under Sections 307, 294
read with 34 IPC as well as Sections 25 and 27 of the Arms Act, the cases
pending trial before the Court in Criminal Case No.2602 of 2013, as the
offences are definitely as against the society, the private respondents
will have to necessarily face trial and come out unscathed by demonstrating
their innocence. The impugned order is, therefore, set aside and the Trial
Court is directed to proceed with the trial in accordance with law.
With the above observations and directions, the appeal stands
allowed.
................................J.
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA]
................................J.
[UDAY UMESH LALIT]
NEW DELHI;
JULY 06, 2015.