REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NOs.458-460 OF 2009
State of Maharashtra …Appellant
Versus
Shiva @ Shivaji Ramaji
Sonawane & Ors. etc. …Respondents
WITH
CRIMINAL APPEAL NOs.461-464 OF 2009
State of Maharashtra etc. …Appellants
Versus
Mehmood Khan Yakub Khan
Pathan etc. etc. …Respondents
J U D G M E N T
T.S. THAKUR, J.
1. High Court of Bombay has, by a common order dated 18th November,
2008, impugned in these appeals, set aside orders passed by the Special
Court under Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act, 1999 and acquitted
the respondents of the charges framed against them. The High Court has
relying upon several earlier pronouncements on the subject, held that mere
proof of filing of charge sheets in the past was not enough to hold the
persons accused in such charge sheets to be guilty of the offences of
committing organised crime punishable under Section 3 of MCOCA for such
charge sheets satisfy but one of the requirements under the said Act. What
is according to the High Court equally important is to prove that the
accused were guilty of committing the offence of organised crime by reason
of their continuing unlawful activities. The High Court further held that
any such unlawful activity should be by use of threat of violence,
intimidation, coercion or other unlawful means with the objective of
“gaining pecuniary or other advantages”, and that the provisions of MCOCA
can be invoked only by strictly complying with the provisions of Section 23
of the Act. The competent authority was, declared the High Court, duty
bound to apply its mind to the attendant facts while permitting
registration of an FIR under MCOCA or granting sanction for prosecution.
The High Court held that the competent authority, in the case at hand, had
not applied its mind properly which rendered the registration of the cases
and the filing of the charge sheets against the respondents legally
unsustainable. The High Court further held that the respondents were, in
the facts of the cases before it, not shown to have committed any offence
for pecuniary, economic or similar other advantage which was one of the
requirements to be satisfied before they could be held guilty of an
organised crime. The orders of conviction recorded by the Special Court,
and the sentences awarded to the respondents were on those findings set
aside.
2. We have heard learned counsel for the parties at considerable length.
We have also been taken through the record including the judgments of the
trial court and that passed by the High Court. The factual matrix in which
the respondents were prosecuted and found guilty for offences punishable
under MCOCA, have been set out at great length by the Trial Court and even
by the High Court. Recapitulation of the same all over again would,
therefore, serve no useful purpose. All that need be mentioned is that the
respondent Shiva @ Shivaji Sonwane, accused in Special Criminal Case No.1
of 2001 and Mehmood Khan Pathan, accused in Special Case No.2 of 2001
started off as partners in crimes which they committed with the help of
other gangsters in the industrial town of Khaparkheda situate on the
outskirts of the city of Nagpur. The gang, in due course, appears to have
split into two, one each led by Shivaji Ramaji Sonwane and Mehmood Khan
Pathan.
3. The prosecution case is that the two gangs have over ten years prior
to the enactment of MCOCA been involved in commission of several crimes
which constitutes “continuing unlawful activity” within the meaning of
Section 2(d) of MCOCA. This, according to the prosecution, was evident from
the fact that a very large number of charge sheets had been filed against
them in which the competent jurisdictional Courts had taken cognizance. To
be precise, as many as 42 charge-sheets had been filed against the gang led
by Shiva Sonwane, whereas 30 similar charge-sheets were presented against
the rival gang led by Mehmood Khan Pathan. What led to the invocation of
MCOCA in Criminal Case No.1 of 2002 against the gang led by Shiva Sonwane
is an incident that took place on 16th March, 2001 at about 9.15 a.m. when
Shiva Sonwane is alleged to have gone to the shop of one Rameshwar Bawankar
in which one Sunil Bante PW-8/I was working as an employee. Respondent-
Shiva and his companion gangsters are alleged to have beaten up Sunil Bante
and set the shop on fire resulting in a loss of 1.5 lacs to the owner.
Crime No.37 of 2001 for several offences punishable under the Indian Penal
Code and the Arms Act was registered with the police station Khaparkheda,
in connection with the incident.
4. So also MCOCA was invoked against respondents Mehmood Khan Pathan,
Sanjay Girhe and Samad Pathan on the basis and in connection with Crime
Case No.38 of 2001 registered at police station Khaparkheda for offences
punishable under the I.P.C. and the Arms Act. Interestingly, this crime
(Criminal Case No.38 of 2001) was registered on a complaint made by Shiva
Sonwane the rival gangster in which the latter alleged that on 16th March,
2001 the accused had barged into the complainant’s house, demanded a gold
chain, beat up the complainant’s father and set the house on fire.
5. The prosecution version is that PW-13/1, PI Abdul Razzak,
Investigating Officer in Crime No.37 of 2001, had on the basis of his
investigation come to the conclusion that Shiva had formed and was heading
an organised crime syndicate. He, therefore, prepared a proposal for
invocation of the provisions of MCOCA in connection with Crime No.37/2001
and requested for permission to record information and register a case
under Sections 3(1)(ii) and 3(4) of MCOCA. The proposal was forwarded to
the Special Inspector General of Police examined at the trial as PW-15/1.
The proposal was upon consideration, accepted and registration of
information under MCOCA in terms of Section 23 of the Act permitted. The
information relating to the commission of the offence under MCOCA was
accordingly registered against Shiva Sonwane and his gang on 21st March,
2001 which eventually is presented to this Court as Crime Case No.1 of 2001
under MCOCA.
6. In Crime Case No.2 of 2001 also under MCOCA a similar version has
been put forth by the prosecution. The proposal for invoking MCOCA was
moved even in that case by PI Abdul Razzak resulting in grant of approval
for invocation and registration of information under Section 3(i)(ii) read
with Section 3(4) of MCOCA. According to the prosecution, investigation
into the cases was entrusted to Deputy Superintendent of Police examined as
PW-16 in Criminal Case No.1 of 2001 and PW-20 in Criminal Case No.2 of
2001. According to this witness, investigation in both the cases was made
over to him on 21st March, 2001 when Shiva was in jail. The custody of
accused Shiva was secured by him in terms of a production warrant on 28th
March, 2001 and his house searched on 10th April, 2001 leading to the
seizure of a sword. As regards respondent Mehmood Khan Pathan, he was
arrested on 8th May, 2001 and his house searched on 30th May, 2001
resulting in the recovery of a sword and a ‘Hattimar’ knife which was
seized. After completion of investigation in both the crimes, the Deputy
Superintendent of police filed two separate and independent charge sheets
one each against the two gangs for offences punishable under Section
3(i)(ii) of the MCOCA and Section 4 read with Section 25 of the Arms Act.
7. The significant feature of the two cases is that for Crimes No.37 of
2001 and 38 of 2001 the respondents were separately tried and acquitted on
18th January, 2008 in the case of Shiva and on 28th February, 2006 in the
case of Mehmood Khan Pathan. In the said charge sheets, the respondents
were accused of committing offences only under the IPC and the Arms Act.
For the offences punishable under MCOCA separate and independent charge
sheets were filed against the accused persons in which they were convicted
by the Trial Court which conviction was reversed by the High Court as
noticed earlier.
8. It was in the above backdrop that the High Court held that once the
respondents had been acquitted for the offence punishable under the IPC and
Arms Act in Crimes No.37 and 38 of 2001 and once the Trial Court had
recorded an acquittal even for the offence punishable under Section 4 read
with Section 25 of the Arms Act in MCOCA Crimes No.1 and 2 of 2002 all that
remained incriminating was the filing of charge sheets against the
respondents in the past and taking of cognizance by the competent court
over a period of ten years prior to the enforcement of the MCOCA. The
filing of charge sheets or taking of the cognizance in the same did not,
declared the High Court, by itself constitute an offence punishable under
Section 3 of the MCOCA. That is because the involvement of respondents in
previous offences was just about one requirement but by no means the only
requirement which the prosecution has to satisfy to secure a conviction
under MCOCA. What was equally, if not, more important was the commission
of an offence by the respondents that would constitute “continuing unlawful
activity”. So long as that requirement failed, as was the position in the
instant case, there was no question of convicting the respondents under
Section 3 of the MCOCA. That reasoning does not, in our opinion, suffer
from any infirmity. The very fact that more than one charge sheets had
been filed against the respondents alleging offences punishable with more
than three years imprisonment is not enough. As rightly pointed out by the
High Court commission of offences prior to the enactment of MCOCA does not
by itself constitute an offence under MCOCA. Registration of cases, filing
of charge sheets and taking of cognizance by the competent court in
relation to the offence alleged to have been committed by the respondents
in the past is but one of the requirements for invocation of Section 3 of
the MCOCA. Continuation of unlawful activities is the second and equally
important requirement that ought to be satisfied. It is only if an
organised crime is committed by the accused after the promulgation of MCOCA
that he may, seen in the light of the previous charge sheets and the
cognizance taken by the competent court, be said to have committed an
offence under Section 3 of the Act.
9. In the case at hand, the offences which the respondents are alleged
to have committed after the promulgation of MCOCA were not proved against
them. The acquittal of the respondents in Crimes No.37 and 38 of 2001
signified that they were not involved in the commission of the offences
with which they were charged. Not only that the respondents were acquitted
of the charge under the Arms Act even in Crimes Case No.1 and 2 of 2002.
No appeal against that acquittal had been filed by the State. This implied
that the prosecution had failed to prove the second ingredient required for
completion of an offence under MCOCA. The High Court was, therefore, right
in holding that Section 3 of the MCOCA could not be invoked only on the
basis of the previous charge sheets for Section 3 would come into play only
if the respondents were proved to have committed an offence for gain or any
pecuniary benefit or undue economic or other advantage after the
promulgation of MCOCA. Such being the case, the High Court was, in our
opinion, justified in allowing the appeal and setting aside the order
passed by the Trial Court.
10. In the light of what we have said above, it is not necessary for us
to go into the question whether the competent authority had duly and
properly applied its mind while granting permission to the registration of
the information under MCOCA or sanctioning the prosecution of the
respondents under Section 3(2) of the Act. It is also unnecessary for us to
examine whether the expression “any other advantage” appearing in Section
2(e) can be read ejusdem generis which aspect is left open to be decided in
an appropriate case.
11. These appeals accordingly fail and are hereby dismissed.
………………………………….…..…J.
(T.S. THAKUR)
………………………………….…..…J.
(R. BANUMATHI)
New Delhi;
24th July, 2015
ITEM NO.1E-For Judgment COURT NO.2 SECTION IIA
S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS
Criminal Appeal No(s). 458-460/2009
STATE OF MAHARASHTRA Appellant(s)
VERSUS
SHIVA @SHIVAJI RAMAJI SONAWANE & ORS. Respondent(s)
WITH
Crl.A. No. 461-464/2009
Date : 24/07/2015 These appeals were called on for pronouncement of
JUDGMENT today.
For Appellant(s) Mr. Nishant Ramakantrao Katneshwarkar,Adv.
Mr. Ravindra Keshavrao Adsure,Adv.
For Respondent(s) Dr. J. P. Dhanda,Adv.
Mr. N.A. Usmani, Adv.
Mrs. Raj Rani Dhanda, Adv.
Mr. Irshad Ahmad,Adv.
Hon'ble Mr. Justice T.S. Thakur pronounced the judgment of the
Bench comprising His Lordship and Hon'ble Mrs. Justice R. Banumathi.
The appeals are dismissed in terms of the Signed Reportable
Judgment.
(VINOD KR.JHA) (VEENA KHERA)
COURT MASTER COURT MASTER
(Signed Reportable judgment is placed on the file)