1998 INSC 0746
                                               Pawan Kumar Sharma

                                                           Vs

                                                    Gurdial Singh

                                          Civil Appeal No. 3407 of 1998

                                         (Dr. A.S. Anand, V.N. Khare JJ)

                                                      23.09.1998

                                                        ORDER

1. The appellant has called in question the order of the Disciplinary Committee of the Bar Council
of India dated 11-4-1998 vide which he was punished by suspension from practice for one year with
effect from the date of receipt of a copy of the order. The circumstances which led to the filing of
this appeal need a brief notice :

                  The respondent is the complainant against the appellant-advocate. On 28-8-1991, he
                  filed a complaint alleging that the appellant was doing "taxi business" and had at the
                  relevant time four taxis in his ownership. It was alleged that since the appellant was
                  practising as a lawyer, he could not have carried on the taxi business without the
                  permission of the Bar Council and since no such permission had been obtained by
                  him, he was guilty of committing professional misconduct. This complaint was filed
                  initially with the State Bar Council but since it could not be disposed of within a
                  period of one year from the date of the complaint, the same was transferred to the
                  Bar Council of India under Section 36-B of the Advocates Act, 1961 for its disposal.
                  Before the Disciplinary Committee of the Bar Council of India, evidence was led on
                  the issue, viz., "whether the respondent has committed professional misconduct, as
                  mentioned in the complaint".

2. The evidence led on behalf of the complainant as well as that of the appellant shows that the
appellant had himself enrolled as an advocate with the Punjab and Haryana Bar Council in January
1990. At the time when he so enrolled himself, his family was doing taxi business and he himself
also owned four taxis. The case of the appellant was that after his enrolment as an advocate, he
transferred all the taxis to different persons and handed over their possession to them and that he did
not carry on with the "taxi business" thereafter. He filed copies of the affidavits by which transfers
had been made by him in favour of different persons.

3. The Disciplinary Committee, after considering the evidence on the record, came to the conclusion
that the appellant was guilty of professional misconduct and suspended him from practice for one
year.

4. We have heard learned counsel for the parties.

5. Rule 47 of the Bar Council of India Rules reads as follows :

                  "47. An advocate shall not personally engage in any business; but he may be a
                  sleeping partner in a firm doing business provided that, in the opinion of the
                  appropriate State Bar Council, the nature of the business is not inconsistent with the
                  dignity of profession."

Rule 48 reads thus :

                  "48. An advocate may be Director or Chairman of the Board of Directors of a
                  company with or without any ordinary sitting fee, provided none of his duties are of
                  an executive character. An advocate shall not be a Managing Director or a Secretary
                  of any company."

6. A bare perusal of the aforesaid two Rules shows that an advocate shall not personally engage "in
any business" though he may be a sleeping partner in a firm doing business. He may also act as a
Director or Chairman of the Board of Directors of a company with or without any ordinary sitting
fee, provided none of his duties are of an executive character.

7. Charge of professional misconduct is in the nature of a quasi-criminal charge. It is required to be
established, not by preponderance of probabilities but beyond a reasonable doubt. In the entire
evidence led on behalf of the complainant, there is not a whisper that after the enrolment of the
appellant in January 1990, he engaged himself or carried on the taxi business. The evidence led in
the case only shows the appellant owned four taxis. Even if we ignore the evidence led by the
appellant to the effect that he had disposed of those taxis after his enrolment as an advocate, the
mere ownership of the taxis cannot lead to any irresistible conclusion that he was engaged in "taxi
business" after his enrolment as an advocate. In his deposition, the appellant appearing as RW 2
stated that after the issuance of the licence of the Bar Council, he had started winding up his
business in which he was engaged prior to his enrolment as an advocate and that he was not doing
any "taxi business" after his enrolment. This statement has remained unrebutted and has also gone
unchallenged in the cross-examination. Even the complainant in his evidence did not depose that the
appellant carried on with his taxi business after his enrolment as an advocate.

8. In the face of this material on the record, it is not possible to say that the complainant has
established that after the enrolment of the appellant as an advocate, he was personally engaged in
taxi business. The evidence on the record is vague, indefinite and scanty. It does not establish the
charge of misconduct against the appellant. The Disciplinary Committee of the Bar Council of
India, thus, fell in error in holding the appellant guilty of professional misconduct. The charge
against the appellant has not been established at all, let alone being established beyond a reasonable
doubt. Consequently, we allow this appeal and set aside the order of the Disciplinary Committee of
the Bar Council of India dated 11-4-1998. No costs.