2016 INSC 0961 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Benson Vs. State of Kerala Crl.A.No.958 of 2016 (Dipak Misra and Uday Umesh Lalit,JJ.,) 03.10.2016 JUDGMENT Uday Umesh Lalit,J., SLP (Crl) No.3757 of 2016 1. Leave granted. These appeals by Special Leave arise out of judgments and orders passed by the High Court of Kerala in Criminal Revision Petition Nos. (i) 808 of 2015 on 16.09.2015, (ii) 859 of 2015 on 16.09.2015, (iii) 858 of 2015 on 14.09.2015 and (iv) 670 of 2015 on 17.09.2015. 2. On the allegation that the appellant was involved in committing thefts he was charged of having committed offences on different occasions and was separately tried in i) CC No.158 of 2004 before Judicial Magistrate First Class, Chavakkad for offences punishable under Section 379, 414 read with 34 IPC, ii) CC No.1039 of 2003 by Judicial Magistrate First Class, Chavakkad for offences punishable under Section 379, 414 read with 34 IPC, iii) CC No.390 of 2004 by Judicial Magistrate First Class, Chavakkad for offences punishable under Section 379, 414 read with 34 IPC and (iv) CC No.1168 of 2006 by Judicial Magistrate First Class, Kunnamkulam. By separate judgments, the appellant was convicted and sentenced in each of the aforesaid crimes. The respective appeals preferred by the appellant were dismissed by the Sessions Judge, Thrissur. The appellant filed Criminal Revision Petitions in the High Court which were also dismissed. The following chart would disclose the relevant details:- C.C.No./Offence Date of Date of Crl.Appeal Cr.R.P SLP No. Occurrence Conviction and No. .No.in Sentence by the Judicial High Magistrate First Court Class 158/2004 03.06.2003 28.06.06, RI for 533/2012 808/ SLP 1 SpotLaw in the Court 2 years and fine decided on 2015 (Crl.) of Judicial of Rs.1,000/- for 15.11.2012 3757/ Magistrate First offence u/s 379 by Sessions 859/ 2016 Class (in short IPC and RI for Judge, 2015 JMFC), 2 years u/s 414 Thrissur SLP Chavakkad/ ID RI for 3 858/ (Crl.) U/s 379, 414 months 2015 3759/ r/w 34 of IPC 2016 1039/2003 03.06.2003 28.06.06, RI for 759/2011 670/ in the Court 2 years and fine decided on 2005 SLP of JMFC, of Rs.1,000/- for 17.09.2012 (Crl.) Chavakkad/ offence u/s 379 by Sessions 3758/ U/s 379, 414 IPC and RI for Judge, 2016 r/w 34 of IPC 2 years for Thrissur offence u/s 414 SLP 390/2004 03.06.2003 IPC, ID RI for 3 761/2011 (Crl.) in the Court months decided on 3756/ of JMFC, 28.06.06, RI for 04.08.2012 2016 Chavakkad/ 2 years and fine by Sessions U/s 379, 414 of Rs.1,000/- for Judge, r/w 34 of IPC offence u/s 379 Thrissur IPC and RI for 1168/2006 03.06.2003 2 years u/s 414 461/2011 in the Court ID RI for 3 decided on of JMFC, months 30.09.2011 Kunnamkulam/ 31.12.08, by Sessions U/s 379 r/w 34 RI for 1 year Judge, of IPC and fine of Thrissur Rs.1,000/- ID SI for 6 months 3. These matters came up on 22.04.2016 when this Court noted the submissions of the learned counsel for the appellant regarding concurrent running of sentences and issued notice to the State. The learned counsel appearing for the State has produced before us communication dated 27.05.2016 from the Director General of Prisons and Correctional Services, which is as under:- "PRISONS HEADQUARTERS, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM Dated: 27.05.2016 WP1-9606/2016 2 SpotLaw From The Director General of Prisons & Correctional Services. To The Law Officer, Office of the Resident Commissioner, Travancore Palace, Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi - 110 001. Sir, Sub: Prisons - Prisons Headquarters, Kerala Supreme Court case - SLP (Crl) CRLMP No.6727/2016 /Benson vs. State of Kerala - reg. Ref: Lr. No.38749/B1/2016/Home dtd.19/05/2016 Attention is invited to the subject & reference cited. I may furnish the details called for vide reference is noted below: Conviction Details Sl.No. Case No., Court and Sentence Details 1 Warrant Date 2 Sentenced to undergo RI for 3 years u/s 379 IPC Set 3 CC 613/03 JFCM I, off 97 days. At large bail period -153 days 4 Thrissur Wdt.20-11- 2003 Sentenced to undergo RI for 2 years u/s 392 IPC Set CC 533/04 JFMC II, off 521 days. Thrissur Wdt.8-6- 2005 Sentenced to undergo RI for 3 years u/s 392 IPC, Set CC 529/04 JFMC II, off 493 days Thrissur Wdt.18-6- 2005 Sentenced to undergo RI for 2 years + fine Rs.5000/- CC 1270/13 JFCM i/d SI for 1 month u/s 380 IPC, RI for 2 years + fine Changanassery Rs.5,000/- i/d SI for 1 month u/s 457 IPC Wdt.18-6-2005 (Concurrently) Set of 348 days 5 CC 1115/03 JFCM Sentenced to undergo RI for 2 years + fine Rs.2,000/- Irinjalakkuda Wdt. 4- i/d SI for 2 months u/s 379 IPC Set off 402 days 7-2005 6 CC 932/05 JFMC Sentenced to undergo RI for 2 years + fine Rs.2,000/- 3 SpotLaw Irinjalakuda Wdt.4-7- i/d SI for 2 months u/s 379 IPC Set off 465 days 2005 7 CC 171/05 ADSJ Sentenced to undergo RI for 5 years u/s 392 IPC, RI Adhoc II Kottayam for 3 years u/s 120(B) IPC (Concurrently) Set off 418 Wdt.25-11-2005 days. 8 CC 274/06 JFCM Sentenced to undergo SI for 3 years u/s 205 IPC Set Kodungallur Wdt.30- off 414 days 9-2008 9 CC 158/04 JFCM Sentenced to undergo RI for 2 years + fine Rs. Chavakkad Wdt.28- 1,000/- i/d SI for 3 months u/s 379 IPC, RI for 2 6-2006 years u/s 414 IPC (Concurrently) Set off 347 days 10 CC 1039/03 JFCM Sentenced to undergo RI for 2 years + fine Rs. Chavakkad Wdt. 28- 1,000/- i/d SI for 3 months u/s 379 IPC, RI for 2 6-2006 years u/s 414 IPC (Concurrently) Set off 240 days 11 CC 390/04 JFCM Sentenced to undergo RI for 2 years + fine Rs. Chavakkad Wdt.28- 1,000/- i/d SI for 3 months u/s 379 IPC, RI for 2 6-2006 years u/s 414 IPC (Concurrently) Set off 141 days 12 CC 1168/06 Sentenced to undergo RI for 1 year + fine Rs.1,000 Kunnamangalam JFCM i/d SI for 2 months u/s 379 r/w 34 IPC Set off Wdt.31-12-2008 14 days Sentence Calculation Sl.No. Case No. Sentence Calculation 1 CC 613/03 JFCM I, 1st Sentence Started 20-11-2003 Thrissur Sentence 3 years 19-11-2006 Set Off 97 days 14-08-2006 At large 153 days 14-01-2007 2 CC 533/04 JFCM II, 2nd Sentence Started 14-01-2007 Thrissur Sentence 2 years 14-01-2007 Set off 521 days 12-08-2009 3 CC 529/04 3rd Sentence Started 12-08-2009 JFCM II, Thrissur Sentence 3 years 12-08-2010 Set off 493 days 06-04-2009 4 CC 1270/13 JFCM 4th Sentence Started 06-04-2009 Changanassery Sentence 2 years 06-04-2011 Set off 348 days 23-04-2010 4 SpotLaw 5 CC 115/03 JFCM 5 th Sentence Started 23-04-2010 Sentence 2 years 23-04-2012 Irinjalakkuda Set off 402 days 18-03-2011 18-03-2011 6 CC 932/05 JFCM 6th Sentence Started 18-03-2013 Sentence 2 years 09-12-2011 Irinjalakuda Set off 465 days 09-12-2011 09-12-2016 7 SC 171/05 ADSJ 7 th Sentence Started 18-10-2015 Sentence 5 years 18-10-2015 Adhoc II, Kottayam Set off 418 days 18-10-2018 30-08-2017 8 CC 274/06 JFCM 8th Sentence Started 30-08-2017 Sentence 3 years 30-08-2019 Kodungallur Set off 414 days 17-09-2018 17-9-2018 9 CC 158/04 JFCM 9th Sentence Started 17-09-2020 Sentence 2 years 21-01-2020 Chavakkad Set off 347 days 21-01-2020 21-01-2022 10 CC 1039/03 JFCM 10th Sentence Started 02-09-2021 Sentence 2 years 02-09-2021 Chavakkad Set off 240 days 02-09-2022 19-08-2022 11 CC 390/04 JFCM 11th Sentence Started 19-10-2022 (F4) Sentence 2 years 19-12-2022 (F5) Chavakkad Set off 141 days 19-02-2023 (F6) 19-05-2023 (F9) 12 CC 1168/06 JFCM 12th Sentence Started 19-08-2023 (F10) Sentence 1 year 19-11-2023 (F11) Kunnamangalam Set off 14 days 19-05-2024 (F12) Fine Sentence Details As per the records, he will spend 12 years 3 months and 8 days in prison as on 31/07/2016. His date of expiry of substantive sentence falls on 19-08-2022 without any remission. He has already earned 3 years 10 months 27 days remission as on 26- 05-16. He has to pay fine of Rs.18,000/- in various cases in default he has to undergo 1 year 5 months in Jail. Yours faithfully, Sd/- Director General of Prisons & Correctional Services" 5 SpotLaw 4. According to the aforesaid communication, the appellant stands convicted and sentenced in 12 different matters including the present matters which appear at Serial Nos.9, 10, 11 and 12 in the chart. Going by the sentence calculation, the sentence in the 9th case would begin on 30.08.2017 and finally, the sentence in the 12th case, after getting all benefits of set off, would be over on 02.09.2022. 5. Section 427 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 is as under:- "427. Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence. - (1) When a person already undergoing a sentence of imprisonment is sentenced on a subsequent conviction to imprisonment or imprisonment for life, such imprisonment or imprisonment for life shall commence at the expiration of the imprisonment to which he has been previously sentenced, unless the Court directs that the subsequent sentence shall run concurrently with such previous sentence: Provided that where a person who has been sentenced to imprisonment by an order under Section 122 in default of furnishing security is, whilst undergoing such sentence, sentenced to imprisonment for an offence committed prior to the making of such order, the latter sentence shall commence immediately. (2)When a person already undergoing a sentence of imprisonment for life is sentenced on a subsequent conviction to imprisonment for a term or imprisonment for life, the subsequent sentence shall run concurrently with such previous sentence." 6. In terms of sub-section (1) of Section 427, if a person already undergoing a sentence of imprisonment is sentenced on a subsequent conviction to imprisonment, such subsequent term of imprisonment would normally commence at the expiration of the imprisonment to which he was previously sentenced. Going by this normal principle, the sentence chart indicated in the communication dated 27.05.2016 is quite correct. However this normal rule is subject to a qualification and it is within the powers of the Court to direct that the subsequent sentence shall run concurrently with the previous sentence. 7. In V.K.Bansal v. State of Haryana and Another1 it was stated by this Court: "It is manifest from Section 427(1) that the Court has the power and the discretion to issue a direction but in the very nature of the power so conferred upon the Court the discretionary power shall have to be exercised along the judicial lines and not in a mechanical, wooden or pedantic manner. It is difficult to lay down any straitjacket approach in the matter of exercise of such discretion by the courts. There is no cut and dried formula for the Court to follow in the matter of issue or refusal of a direction within the contemplation of Section 427(1). Whether or not a direction ought to be issued in a given case would depend upon the nature of the offence or offences committed, and the fact situation in which the question of concurrent running of the sentences arises." 6 SpotLaw This Court then went on to club various crimes in respect of which sentences were imposed upon the appellant therein in three groups; i) the first having 12 cases, ii) the second having 2 cases and iii) the third having a single case. This Court directed that substantive sentences within first two groups would run inter se concurrently and the substantive sentences in first two groups and that in respect of the case in the third group would run consecutively. The benefit was confined only in respect of substantive sentences and no qua sentences in default. 8. We have gone through the record and considered rival submissions. We do not find anything incorrect in the assessment made by the Courts below and in our view the orders of conviction recorded against the appellant in the present cases are quite correct. We also do not find anything wrong in the quantum of sentence imposed in respect of the respective crimes. However going by the sentence calculation, the sentence imposed in respect of the first crime started with effect from 20.11.2003 and the last sentence would be over by 19.08.2022, which would effectively mean that the total length of sentences in aggregate would be around 19 years. We are not concerned with first eight matters and sentences imposed in respect of those crimes. The sentence in respect of 8th crime is presently running against the appellant and would be over on 30.08.2017. 9. The maximum sentence in respect of the present crimes is two years' rigorous imprisonment. As per the record, these crimes were committed on the same day. Having considered the matters, we deem it appropriate to direct that the sentences imposed in each of the cases, i.e. (i) CC No.158 of 2004, (ii) CC No. 1039 of 2003, (iii) CC No. 390 of 2004 and (iv) CC No. 1168 of 2006 namely those at Sl.Nos.9 to 12 respectively as indicated in the sentence chart in the communication dated 27.05.2016 shall run concurrently with the sentence imposed in Crime No.8 which is currently operative. We grant this benefit in respect of substantive sentences to the appellant but maintain the sentences of fine and the default sentences. If the fine as imposed is not deposited, the default sentence or sentences will run consecutively and not concurrently. 10. The appeals are thus allowed in part and the orders of sentences stand modified accordingly. Judgment Referred. 1(2013) 7 SCC 0211 7 SpotLaw